Effects Of Climate On Small Scale Farmers - 1748 Words

Chapter 3 Literature Review Introduction This literature review seeks to highlight some of the effects that the change in climate has on small-scale farmers along with the strategies that they have employed to mitigate these impacts. Overview of the Global context in the change of Climate The change in climate refers to the alteration in the condition of climate that is easily identifiable through the use of statistical tests through alterations in variability and/or mean of its properties and exists for a much longer period, in most cases decades It can also be described as change in climate that takes place over time, whether it is as a result of human activity or natural variability. For instance, in (1995-2006) the eleven years were†¦show more content†¦The process of systematic observations of climate is normally carried out in national centres of metrology and other specialized centres. The observations are taken at standard pre-set places and time and monitor terrestrial, atmosphere and ocean systems. The variables of the major climate include; tropical cyclones, temperature, temperature of the sea surface, rise in sea level, tropical cyclones and wind speeds. A report by GCM suggests that the mean annual temperature for Jamaica will increase from 1 .1 to 3.2 degrees by 2090. The report also suggests that the increase in range is 1.0 to 3.0 by 2080 and 0.7 to 1.8 by 2050. Likewise, the range in the projected rainfall by 2050 will be -44% to + 18% and -55% to +18% by 2080. The September / November rainfall (late wet season) and July/August (early wet season) have impacted strongly on the general yearly rainfall. The rainfall extreme projections are mixed across the joint. The range of changes by 2080 will be between -19 and +20 for rainfall proportion falling during heavy events and -29mm to +25 in a five day maximum rainfall . Precipitation patterns and temperature alterations will lead to decrease in crop produce in most sub-tropical and tropical regions thus impacting negatively on sectors of Agriculture . Consequently, its effect will cause hunger in developing countries. In the last decade, there has been damage as a result of severe climatic conditions

Hurricane Katrin The Worst Tropical Storm - 1512 Words

Hurricane Katrina can be described as the worst tropical storm to touch the United States. This catastrophic disaster occurred August 29, 2005 killing over 1800 people and causing billions of dollars in damages. Most of the damages were to homes, buildings, schools, and city infrastructure. The vulnerable populations in this disaster were the elderly, the disabled, and lower income households. These people were very vulnerable due to the lack of resources like finances and automobiles, which would be needed to escape before the hurricane occurred. Despite the economic decline the city New Orleans was already in, Hurricane Katrina made the economy decline even further. This Hurricane caused thousands of jobs to be lost in the medical and†¦show more content†¦Hurricane Katrina drastically affected the lives of the individuals and families that would be considered economically challenged or less fortunate, the elderly, and the disabled. These low income individuals and familie s are known as the vulnerable population due to their location to the waters and also to their inability to get receive certain resources. Many would say these people suffered the most due to the impact of Hurricane Katrina. There is no way to 100% accurately measure the impact that a natural disaster will have on a city or the environment but this disaster definitely left its mark on New Orleans history as well as the United States History. According to CNN.com, (Hurricane Katrina Statistics Fast Facts, 2014), â€Å"Katrina was the single most catastrophic natural disaster in U.S. History†. Not only did this disaster take the lives of people and cause major infrastructural damage to buildings but it also as some would say ruined the city of New Orleans. This natural disaster caused many problems for city of New Orleans, its surrounding communities, and also the citizens that lived there. This disaster caused an abundant amount of infrastructural damage to the levees, local businesses, grade schools, colleges, churches, high rise buildings, and homes. The damage was so excessive that it caused the city to lose thousands of jobs in a city where there was a shortage of jobs prior to the hurricanes damage.

Response free essay sample

The Truth by Fern Supper In humanity, there is a very thin line of similarity between lying and telling the truth. In a fiction book, for example, the author is making up a story based on their own imaginative thoughts, interests, and events that they hope will happen in the future. Also, when someone is trying to write about something that happened to them as a child, and they do not remember specific details of the situation, they have to make It up to make the story sound interesting. These are all lies. Although we loud not normally perceive them as lies, subconsciously, a humans mind is just one big fallacy. At this point in time, people should know that if someone Is telling a person a story about something that happened to them, the story is not the real version. If a person asks someone about a memory they had, they definitely have not told that person every detail. We will write a custom essay sample on Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The human body can smell, hear, taste, see, and touch- which are extraordinary aspects of human life; but cannot dullnesss the subtle differences between a lie and the truth.Something that seems almost too simple is actually more complex than one could ever put into words. Think about what you wore last Wednesday, for instance; a pair a Jeans, a red t-shirt, and a gold necklace. The only truth in that response is you did not tell us what shoes you wore, and that is onto lie. In the story Gryphon by Charles Baxter the notion of telling the truth or a Ill Is merely the same. The point of the tale is to broaden ones horizons. Rouse ones curiosity, and to question and wonder things that may or may not be true. The protagonist of the story, a substitute teacher for a fourth grade class, is a kooky lady whose teaching style is not what most nine year-olds are used to. During one point of he story, Ms. Fervency contradicts the common math equation of six times eleven. Instead of agreeing with the factual answer of sixty-six, she says that It could sometimes be sixty-eight. Ms.Fervencys point of opposing what was obviously right was not to give the students of the class wrong Information, but to expose the class to extraordinary facts, some of which were true, mythic, or simple not true at all, as a way to broaden their sense of wonder, imagination, and creativity. The appearance of Ms. Fervency, too, contributes to her weird teaching style. In the beginning of the story a student describes Ms. Fervency as having marionette lines on her face, and thinks of Pinochle. Pinochle was famous for lying, which Is exactly what all the students thought the teacher was doing In the beginning of the story. However, in the end, the role of Ms. Fervencys lies in the story actually helped blossom each student into more worldly people. For example, the title of the story Gryphon is actually an animal Ms. Fervency saw in Egypt. The animal is half lion half eagle, and made up from different parts of the world. Although this animal is completely made up, the teacher thinks that these young students should be exposed to exotic facts and weird phenomenon. Also, the animal could be used to As ridiculous as Ms. Fervency was, she showed her students how to look at the world in a more worldly way. She took widely known claims and questioned them, broadening her students imagination and their curiosity level. Even though the students were puzzled at Ms. Fervencys teaching style at first, they learned to appreciate what she actually did teach them, which is actually beneficial in life. Questioning and wondering different things in life really cultivates you and shapes you into a more complete person.

Unfair Competition free essay sample

Unfair Competition Unfair competition  in a sense means that the competitors compete on unequal terms, because favourable or disadvantageous conditions are applied to some competitors but not to others; or that the actions of some competitors actively harm the position of others with respect to their ability to compete on equal and fair terms. It contrasts with  fair competition, in which the same rules and conditions are applied to all participants, and the competitive action of some does not harm the ability of others to compete. Often, unfair competition means that the gains of some participants are conditional on the losses of others, when the gains are made in ways which are illegitimate or unjust. Principles of fair competition To an important extent, the principles of fair competition in the business world are defined by law, and therefore unfair competition may well be unlawful or criminal. But because the forms of competition can change continually and new forms of competition may arise, competition may be unfair, but not illegal, at least not until a legal rule is explicitly made to prohibit it. We will write a custom essay sample on Unfair Competition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The exact meaning of unfair advantage or harm caused in business competition may be vague or in dispute, in particular if different competitors promote different interpretations which suit their own interests. It may be difficult to define what it would mean to compete on equal terms, and the operative terms of competition that exist in reality may be challenged only when a participant is seriously disadvantaged by them. Often equal terms is defined as an equal opportunity or equal chance to compete. †¢ Sport Unfair competition may occur in games if a participant in some way deviates from the rules of the game, or has privileged access to important information or resources that should in principle be available to all participants in the game, or none of them. Participation in the game normally assumes that participants have an equal ability to compete in relevant respects, or are able to acquire it during the game. In sports, for example, a heavyweight boxer is not usually played against a lightweight boxer, and the secret use of drugs to enhance sports performance is usually prohibited in competitions. Cooperation Sometimes unfair competition is also interpreted to mean that the existence of competition as such is unfair or unjust. [citation needed] The argument is then that there should not be any competition. In this case, the alternative to unfair competition is not fair competition, but no competition or cooperation. †¢ Commercial law Unfair competition in commercial law refers to a number of areas of law involving acts by one competitor or group of competitors which harm another in the field, and which may give rise to criminal offenses and civil causes of action. The most common actions falling under the banner of unfair competition include: †¢ Matters pertaining to antitrust law, known in the European Union as competition law. Antitrust violations constituting unfair competition occur when one competitor attempts to force others out of the market (or prevent others from entering the market) through tactics such as predatory pricing or obtaining exclusive purchase rights to raw materials needed to make a competing product. Trademark infringement and passing off, which occur when the maker of a product uses a name, logo, or other identifying characteristics to deceive consumers into thinking that they are buying the product of a competitor. In the United States, this form of unfair competition is prohibited under the common law and by state statutes, and governed at the federal level by the Lanham Act. †¢ Misappropriation of trade secrets, which occurs when one competitor uses espionage, bribery, or outright theft to obtain economica lly advantageous information in the possession of another. In the United States, this type of activity is forbidden by the Uniform Trade Secrets Act and the Economic Espionage Act of 1996. †¢ Trade libel, the spreading of false information about the quality or characteristics of a competitors products, is prohibited at common law. †¢ Tortious interference, which occurs when one competitor convinces a party having a relationship with another competitor to breach a contract with, or duty to, the other competitor, is also prohibited at common law. Various unfair business practices such as fraud, misrepresentation, and unconscionable contracts may be considered unfair competition, if they give one competitor an advantage over others. In the European Union, each member state must regulate unfair business practices in accordance with the principles laid down in the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, subject to transitional periods. Unfair Competition A branch of intellectual property law, unfair competition is a term applied to all dishonest or fraudulent rivalry in trade and commerce. This term is particularly applied to the practice of endeavoring to substitute one’s own goods or products in the market for those of another for the purpose of deceiving the public. This deception is commonly accomplished by imitating or counterfeiting the name title, size, color scheme, patterns, shape or distinctive peculiarities of the article, or by imitating the shape color, label, wrapper or general appearance of the package in such as way as to mislead the general public or deceive an unwary purchaser. Acts of unfair competition are generally characterized by deception, bad faith, fraud or oppression, or as against public policy because of their tendency to unduly hinder competition. Unfair competition laws have been established to protect consumers and businesses and help prevent illegal merchandizing. Source:  Black’s Law Dictionary Also Known As: Unfair Trade Practices Examples: Examples of unfair competition include: †¢ Trademark infringement   such as using the Coca-Cola ® trademark on a soda container manufactured by a competing beverage maker. False advertising   such as making false claims about a drugs abilities to promote weight loss. †¢ Unauthorized substitution of one brand of goods for another  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ such as substituting a low-cost handbag for a designer handbag. †¢ Misappropriation of trade secrets   such as stealing a competitor’s soft drink formula. †¢ False representation of products or services   such as exaggerat ing a software program’s spellcheck capabilities.